England · Dictionary
Both volumes of Johnson’s 1755 dictionary. Verified headword links connect the unpaginated source to the citing opinions; PDF page numbers are navigation references.
Requested text available. Collection target: Volumes 1 and 2 (1755).
Samuel Johnson · Volume 1 · 1755
Wellcome Collection; digitized by the Internet Archive through the UK Medical Heritage Library. All repository access-format scan records are present; sampled title, entry, and terminal pages were checked. The title pages establish the 1755 first folio edition, in two volumes. The dictionary entries are unpaginated; cite the volume and entry with s.v., rather than treating the PDF page as a printed page. The checked use is in Alito’s separate concurrence in the judgment in Fulton, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch. It is not a holding of the Court’s majority opinion. All five entries in the grouped 1755 Fulton occurrence were checked across the two volumes: exercise and free in volume I, and prohibit, peace, and safety in volume II. The 1755 edition does not establish the text or reprint pagination of Johnson’s 1773 fourth edition cited in Heller. The later 1785 and 1805 editions mentioned in Fulton’s footnotes also require separate verification. The PDF preserves Wellcome’s source scan and existing OCR. The page images control quotations; OCR contains recognition errors, and source-reported faint printing and damage are retained.
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Samuel A. Alito Jr. · Concurrence in the judgment, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch
Alito uses Johnson’s broad sense of exercise as practice or outward performance and a narrower sense concerning divine worship. These are numbered senses 6 and 9 among nine noun senses, not the entry’s first and second definitions. The full entry also covers bodily labor, amusement, habitual action, preparatory practice, actual application, employment, and an assigned task.
Samuel A. Alito Jr. · Concurrence in the judgment, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch
Alito cites free in the relevant sense of unrestrained. Johnson’s adjective sense 2 pairs uncompelled with unrestrained; the entry has fourteen senses, including a separate sense 5 pairing licentious with unrestrained. The checked facsimile preserves the entire entry and its examples.
The title pages establish the 1755 first folio edition, in two volumes. The dictionary entries are unpaginated; cite the volume and entry with s.v., rather than treating the PDF page as a printed page.
The checked use is in Alito’s separate concurrence in the judgment in Fulton, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch. It is not a holding of the Court’s majority opinion.
All five entries in the grouped 1755 Fulton occurrence were checked across the two volumes: exercise and free in volume I, and prohibit, peace, and safety in volume II.
The 1755 edition does not establish the text or reprint pagination of Johnson’s 1773 fourth edition cited in Heller. The later 1785 and 1805 editions mentioned in Fulton’s footnotes also require separate verification.
The PDF preserves Wellcome’s source scan and existing OCR. The page images control quotations; OCR contains recognition errors, and source-reported faint printing and damage are retained.
Alito uses Johnson’s broad sense of exercise as practice or outward performance and a narrower sense concerning divine worship. These are numbered senses 6 and 9 among nine noun senses, not the entry’s first and second definitions. The full entry also covers bodily labor, amusement, habitual action, preparatory practice, actual application, employment, and an assigned task.
Alito cites free in the relevant sense of unrestrained. Johnson’s adjective sense 2 pairs uncompelled with unrestrained; the entry has fourteen senses, including a separate sense 5 pairing licentious with unrestrained. The checked facsimile preserves the entire entry and its examples.
Samuel Johnson · Volume 2 · 1755
Wellcome Collection; digitized by the Internet Archive through the UK Medical Heritage Library. All repository access-format scan records are present; sampled title, entry, and terminal pages were checked. The title pages establish the 1755 first folio edition, in two volumes. The dictionary entries are unpaginated; cite the volume and entry with s.v., rather than treating the PDF page as a printed page. The checked use is in Alito’s separate concurrence in the judgment in Fulton, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch. It is not a holding of the Court’s majority opinion. All five entries in the grouped 1755 Fulton occurrence were checked across the two volumes: exercise and free in volume I, and prohibit, peace, and safety in volume II. The 1755 edition does not establish the text or reprint pagination of Johnson’s 1773 fourth edition cited in Heller. The later 1785 and 1805 editions mentioned in Fulton’s footnotes also require separate verification. The PDF preserves Wellcome’s source scan and existing OCR. The page images control quotations; OCR contains recognition errors, and source-reported faint printing and damage are retained.
Open reader → Download this PDF
Samuel A. Alito Jr. · Concurrence in the judgment, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch
Alito cites both numbered meanings of prohibit: forbidding or interdicting by authority, and debarring or hindering. The entry begins in the left column and continues at the top of the right column on the same scanned page; both parts were checked.
Samuel A. Alito Jr. · Concurrence in the judgment, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch
Alito quotes Johnson’s first seven noun senses to argue that founding-era public-peace limitations did not authorize every law affecting religion. The complete entry also includes sense 8, silence or suppression of thoughts, followed by a separate interjection commanding silence; those additional senses are preserved but are not quoted by Alito.
Samuel A. Alito Jr. · Concurrence in the judgment, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch
Alito quotes freedom from danger, exemption from hurt, and preservation from hurt when discussing the scope of public-safety limitations. Johnson also prints a fourth sense concerning custody and security from escape; that additional sense is preserved but is not quoted by Alito.
The title pages establish the 1755 first folio edition, in two volumes. The dictionary entries are unpaginated; cite the volume and entry with s.v., rather than treating the PDF page as a printed page.
The checked use is in Alito’s separate concurrence in the judgment in Fulton, joined by Thomas and Gorsuch. It is not a holding of the Court’s majority opinion.
All five entries in the grouped 1755 Fulton occurrence were checked across the two volumes: exercise and free in volume I, and prohibit, peace, and safety in volume II.
The 1755 edition does not establish the text or reprint pagination of Johnson’s 1773 fourth edition cited in Heller. The later 1785 and 1805 editions mentioned in Fulton’s footnotes also require separate verification.
The PDF preserves Wellcome’s source scan and existing OCR. The page images control quotations; OCR contains recognition errors, and source-reported faint printing and damage are retained.
Alito cites both numbered meanings of prohibit: forbidding or interdicting by authority, and debarring or hindering. The entry begins in the left column and continues at the top of the right column on the same scanned page; both parts were checked.
Alito quotes Johnson’s first seven noun senses to argue that founding-era public-peace limitations did not authorize every law affecting religion. The complete entry also includes sense 8, silence or suppression of thoughts, followed by a separate interjection commanding silence; those additional senses are preserved but are not quoted by Alito.
Alito quotes freedom from danger, exemption from hurt, and preservation from hurt when discussing the scope of public-safety limitations. Johnson also prints a fourth sense concerning custody and security from escape; that additional sense is preserved but is not quoted by Alito.